Capital
London
Population
67.84 million
Languages
English
Timezone
UTC
Work week
up to 48 hours
Employer taxes
16.8% - 18.8%
Currency
Pound Sterling (GBP)
Payroll cycle
monthly
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Disclaimer
This country guide is for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice, nor as binding based on your relationship with Lano. When using Lano's solutions, the specifics may depend on your EOR and Payroll setup with our partners. Although we update this guide regularly, it may not reflect current legal developments. Lano Software GmbH disclaims any liability for any actions you take or refrain from taking based on the content contained in this country guide.
Employers looking to hire abroad tend to compare the pros and cons of potential candidates in terms of employment costs and other benefits. In the case of the UK, legal conditions are rather beneficial for employers and social security contributions are quite low compared to other European countries.
What’s more, the UK offers foreign employers a huge pool of young, talented workers who stream into the country from all over the world in order to complete their studies at one of the UK’s many top universities and who join the UK’s workforce after completing their degrees.
It is mandatory to provide new employees with a written statement outlining the basic terms of employment which must include:
Compensation (in GBP)
Working hours
Annual leave
Sick pay
Severance pay
Notice period
However, it is common practice for employees and employers to negotiate a proper employment contract. Although most employment agreements are concluded for an indefinite period, fixed-term agreements are also possible.
UK labour law does not regulate the length of probation periods. In practice, employers and employees usually agree on a probation period between three and six months.
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Employers may request their employees to work a standard 48-hour week. Daily working time is flexible and varies depending on business needs but a nine to five working day is standard for most employees in the UK. After six hours of continuous work, employees must take a 20-minute break.
Every hour worked beyond agreed weekly working hours counts as overtime. Employers do not have to pay their employees for overtime unless it is stated in the employment contract. However, they have to make sure that the employee’s average hourly pay is not lower than the national minimum wage.
It is common to pay employees on a monthly basis. In most cases, salaries are paid between the 25th and the 30th of each month.
Minimum wage rates in the UK depend on the employee’s age. Starting April 2023, the minimum wage rates will be as follows:
Employees aged 16 or 17 and those under apprentice contracts: GBP 5.28 per hour
Employees aged 18 to 20: GBP 7.49 per hour
Employees aged 21 to 22: GBP 10.18 per hour
Employees aged 23 or older: GBP 10.42 per hour
The Statutory Sick Pay Scheme (SSP) rules that employers have to provide their employees with a minimum weekly sick pay of GBP 109.40 (starting April 2023) for up to 28 weeks, starting with the fifth day that the employee is absent from work due to illness or injury. After seven days of absence, employees have to present a medical certificate.
There is no legal regulation on bonus payments in the UK. Therefore, it is up to the employer to decide whether or not to reward employees with a bonus based on personal performance or other factors.
Employees and employers in the UK are subject to the following tax and social security contribution rates (valid for the 2023/2024 tax year starting on April 6, 2023):
Employers
25%
25% corporate tax
20% VAT (standard rate)
Employees
up to 45%
Individual income tax rates (excluding Scotland):
0%: up to GBP 12,750
20%: up to GBP 50,270
40%: up to GBP 125,140
45%: over GBP 125,140
Employers
16.8%
13.8% NIC (National Insurance Contributions) of weekly employee wages exceeding GBP 175 *
3% pension contribution
Employees
up to 19%%
12% NIC on weekly earnings between GBP 242 and GBP 967 *
additional 2% on weekly earnings exceeding GBP 967
5% pension scheme
* Please note that the NIC thresholds may change again before the beginning of the 2023/2024 tax year.
Ce guide de pays est destiné à des fins d'information uniquement et ne doit pas être interprété comme un conseil juridique. Le contenu de ce guide contient des informations générales et malgré le fait que nous le mettions à jour régulièrement, il peut ne pas correspondre aux développements juridiques actuels. Lano Software GmbH décline toute responsabilité concernant les actions que vous entreprenez ou vous abstenez d'entreprendre sur la base du contenu de ce guide de pays.
Employees in the UK are entitled to 28 paid days off per year. Public holidays may be counted as part of the employee’s annual leave entitlement. Most employers thus offer their employees up to 25 paid vacation days on top of the public holidays. For senior level positions, paid leave of up to 30 days – excluding public holidays – can be negotiated.
While England and Wales observe eight public holidays throughout the year, Scotland counts one and Northern Ireland even two additional bank holidays.
Pregnant employees can take up to 52 weeks of maternity leave. During the first 39 weeks, they are entitled to Statutory Maternity Pay which amounts to:
90% of their weekly wages during the first six weeks
90% of their weekly wages for the remaining 33 weeks
Fathers can request up to two weeks of paid paternity leave. If the mother wants to return to work before her maternity leave is over, she can transfer the remaining leave days to the child’s father.
Starting April 6, 2023, the rate for statutory maternity (SMP), paternity (SPP), adoption (SAP), parental bereavement (SPBP) and shared parental pay (ShPP) will increase to GBP 172.48 per week.
Mothers and fathers can request up to 50 weeks of shared parental leave. In this case, the mother returns to work before her additional maternity leave is over and thus transfers the remainder of her leave entitlement to the child's father. Parental leave must be taken within the first year after the child’s birth.
Since statutory pay is available for a maximum of 39 weeks and 2 weeks of maternity leave are mandatory, the maximum amount of shared parental pay is 37 weeks. Parents of newborn children can further take up to 18 weeks of unpaid parental leave once the initial leave period is over.
It is common practice among employers in the UK to provide employees with additional benefits such as dental or life insurance.
The employment may be terminated due to one of the following reasons (non-exhaustive list):
redundancy
summary dismissal due to gross misconduct
employee’s underperformance
employee’s long-term illness
The statutory notice periods are defined as follows:
one week for employees who have been working for the company for a short time ranging between one month and two years
one week for each year of service for employees with a length of service between two and twelve years
twelve weeks for all employees who are dismissed after more than twelve years with the company
If notice periods are specified in the employment contract, they only need to be respected in case they are longer than the statutory minimum requirements.
Only employees who have completed at least two years of service and who are dismissed due to redundancy qualify for severance pay which is calculated as follows:
employees under 22: 50% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service
employees aged 22 to 41: 100% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service
employees over 41: 150% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service
However, rates are capped after 20 years of service and at a maximum weekly pay of GBP 544.
Ce guide de pays est destiné à des fins d'information uniquement et ne doit pas être interprété comme un conseil juridique. Le contenu de ce guide contient des informations générales et malgré le fait que nous le mettions à jour régulièrement, il peut ne pas correspondre aux développements juridiques actuels. Lano Software GmbH décline toute responsabilité concernant les actions que vous entreprenez ou vous abstenez d'entreprendre sur la base du contenu de ce guide de pays.
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